I've been here before...
I have zero faith of a positive resolution. If this customer doesn't have backups, they've lost their data. This server is dated, if it were my customer I'd sell them either a cloud service (M365), or a new server, configure it to do what it needs to do, pair it up with Datto BDR, and hand them the drives from the original server to be shipped off to a data recovery org.
Yes, the process will break their bank.
Yes, they will likely just walk away.
No, you won't make any money.
But this is what happens when you're on the S side of SMB, and John Q. Idiot decides to be his own "IT Guy" because "he can't afford it." There are some things that just can't be fixed! And not only is a lack of planning on his part, not an emergency on your part... but in IT a lack of planning on the customer's part can and will result in unrecoverable loss you can't do anything about. Doesn't matter how much you care, in fact that emotional drive that makes you a good candidate for being a small business owner yourself is actually to your detriment. That drive convinces you to dig in, fight for the customer, and reach for straws just like they did. But you aren't them, you don't need this stress, and you have to be able to pull yourself out of that for your own sake. Please... don't be me. My MSP is dead because of this process... don't go there.