Perhaps I should have included more details...
You must create 2 new users. Do this from the command line. Make sure they are admin accounts in the admin group.
Log into the first to allow the profile to be set.
Then log into the 2nd and copy the first one to the broken user profile (database folder from C:\Users\User name\AppData\Local\TileDataLayer). You can just rename original database folder first if you like.
You can do the copy from within the profile created (2nd one), just remember you have to bypass the prompt to give permission to modify the other user folders.
GGRR. So after all the fighting I did previously and working with things, I got the machine I was working on sorted. I had another come in with similar issues. Looked back at this and decided to simply try renaming the TileDataLayer folder so it now looks like for example
C:\Users\User name\AppData\Local\TileDataLayer.old. I did that from another account, reboot, voila! 5 minutes. Don't know if this fix will work for everyone, but worked here. Also, another note, this seems to happen when windows updates occur. Yet another system I'd worked on had system restore points available, so I was able to roll back about a week and it fixed it.
EDIT *Spoke to soon, the machine I'm working on, renaming the folder to .old did allow the start menu to pop back up, but can't seem to pin anything to it. Looking for a fix for that. Looks as though it has some updates, will maybe allow it to run those, if that does not help, perhaps re registering the default apps will help.
EDIT 2*Something funny on this machine. Created a new account to attempt to move the TileDataLayer folder from, start menu is broken on a brand new account from the get go. Haven't seen that before.